Their physical properties such as electric conductivity, density etc make them perfect for industrial use. Extraction of metals occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium others occur only in limited quantities in selected areas ores need to be purified before being reduced to the metal this adds to the expense high grade ores are therefore cheaper to process. An ore is a mineral deposit that can be mined and refined at profit. The value of the metal an ore contains must be weighed against the cost of extraction to determine whether it is of sufficiently high grade to be worth mining. But this is not the case with more reactive iron or aluminum. Extraction of metals from ores is an example of a reduction reaction since the. Processing of pgm involves comminution, flotation, smelting, converting, base metals refinery and precious metals refinery. Metals extraction from sulfide ores with microorganisms. The development of new effective techniques, using these sources, to process mineral material is one of the. The reason behind presence of metals in form of ores and minerals is that, most of metals being highly reactive, cannot exist in free form 6. In cases where pyrometallurgical or hydrometallurgical processes fail to ef. The entire scientific and technological process used for isolation of the metal from its ores is known as metallurgy. Now let us take a look at extraction of metals from their ores. Metals exist in the earths crust either as native metals elements or minerals compounds.
If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Extractive metallurgy of nickel, cobalt and platinum group metals, 2011. Us5328669a extraction of precious metals from ores and. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. Usually iron and aluminum exist as compounds, with oxygen, also known as oxides. They are extracted by the electrolysis of their fused salts. Copper can be extracted from nonsulfide ores by a different process involving three separate stages. Most metals are found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. The process of extracting pure metal from its ore is known as metallurgy. Oct 18, 2017 alkali metals cannot be extracted from their ores by the usual methods of extraction of metals because of following difficulties. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Sulphide ores were mostly created by i the intrusion of molten magma from the mantle into the crust of the earth and ii the formation of localized metalrich sulphide ore bodies by sequential solidification andor hydrothermal leaching and precipitation.
The iron ore is first roasted in air to produce ironiii oxide which is mixed with coke and limestone and then further heated to a very high temperature in a blast furnace. The basic step of extracting metals is called concentration of ores. The extraction of iron from its ores is quite a technical process. The rocks and sand in which metal deposits are found are known as ores. The most important ore of zinc is mostly zinc sulphide. The roasting of an ore of a metal usually results in conversion of the metal to the oxide. Extraction metallurgy download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. This page looks at the various factors which influence the choice of method for extracting metals from their ores, including reduction by carbon, reduction by a reactive metal like sodium or magnesium, and by electrolysis. Aluminum, for example, is the most common metal in the earths crust, occurring in all sorts of minerals. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily.
About 80% of the worlds reserves for platinum group metals pgms are in south africas bushveld igneous complex. The choice of the process depends upon the nature of the ore and the type of the metal. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace iron is also below carbon in the reactivity series, so therefore carbon can be used to reduce it note. An ore is any naturallyoccurring source of a metal that you can economically extract the metal from. The precious metal containing materials and reactants are charged into a.
Occurrence ores of some metals are very common iron, aluminium. Metals and nonmetals extraction of metals class 10 science ncert. N5 chemistry unit 3 metals summary notes st ninians high school. Extraction of metals methods of extraction of metals. Large quantities of lowgrade ores are produced during the separation of highergrade ores and are generally discarded in waste heaps. The occurrence of metals in nature is only a part of the process, these metals also have to be extracted.
The choice of processing routes for free milling, complex and refractory ores is discussed. Extraction of metals from ores journal of chemical education. Australia is now an important gold producer in the world. Details for the extraction of aluminium, copper, iron and titanium are. The principles of selective reduction and extraction of iron from lean and complex ores without melting have been. Separating the platinum group metals by liquidliquid. Generally, ores are first concentrated and then changed into oxides before extraction. Some important ores type of ore metals common ores native metals gold au, silver ag. Methods for turning the metal compounds in ores into metals depend on. The form in which a metal exists in an ore depends on its chemical reactivity.
Sulphides ores are usually converted to oxides before extraction by roasting with oxygen. Reduction of metals extraction from ore alevel chemistry. Mr crooksextraction of metals from their ores slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Usually, less reactive metals such as gold and silver are found in their pure form in the soil. The more reactive the metal is, the more difficult and expensive the extraction becomes. There are different steps involved in extraction of metals. The grade of ore refers to the concentration of the desired material it contains. These metals must be extracted from their ores before they can be made useful. Steps involved in extraction of metals winner science. Find powerpoint presentations and slides using the power of, find free presentations research about extraction of metals ppt. First of all, ores are crushed into a fine powder in big jaw crushers and ball mills. These materials are loaded into the blast furnace from the top while a blast of hot air is introduced into it from beneath via small pipes known as tuyeres. The various steps involved in the extraction of pure metals from their respective ores are summarized in fig. As you will see if you read the page about titanium extraction, there are other problems in its extraction which also add to the cost.
In the extraction of metals, some factors are taking into consideration such as the chemical composition of the compound containing the metal, level of impurities and the extent of chemical reactivity of the ores or mineral constituents of these metals. Click download or read online button to get extraction metallurgy book now. Leaching of rare earths elements ree past and present. The extraction and isolation of metals from ores involve the following major steps. The process of extraction of metals by the use of electrolysis phenomenon is called electrometallurgy. This document is highly rated by class 10 students and has been viewed 1144 times. There are 3 main methods of extracting metals from their ore. The depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite, titanomagnetites, etc. The highly electropositive elements such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals and aluminium cannot be extracted by carbon reduction methods. The following table shows recovery of precious metals from ewaste as done by few investigators. Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. View and download powerpoint presentations on extraction of metals ppt. Extractive metallurgy is the practice of removing valuable metals from an ore and refining the extracted raw metals into a purer form. General principles of extraction of metals the process of extracting the metals from their ores and refining them is calledmetallurgy.
It is well accepted that our technologically advance lives would not be possible without metals. An introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from ores using the. Pdf the depletion of highquality ore deposits makes it necessary to develop technologies of processing of poor or complex ores such as sideroplezite. These metals are economically and conveniently extracted from these ores by following certain extraction techniques.
We normally obtain iron from an ore called haematite which contains iron oxide. Methods of extraction of metals from ores chemistry. The first steps in the production of a metal object are to extract the ore from the mine, process the ore for smelting, and then eventually smelt the ore into metal. Why does the roasting of cinnabar, hgs, produce metallic mercury rather than an oxide. Apr 03, 2017 in this video, we look at how displacement reactions can be used to extract metals from their compounds looking specifically at the extraction of iron. That means that you are having to use a very expensive reducing agent to extract the titanium.
However, the complex nature of ewaste makes the process complicated compared to natural ores. Metals are extracted from ores, which are minerals found in the earths crust that contain metal compounds. In general the less reactive the metal the easier it is to extract the metal from its ore. Metal ores are generally oxides, sulfides, silicates, native metals such as copper, or noble metals such. Separating the platinum group metals by liquidliquid extraction. Aluminium and iron are the most abundant metals in the earths crust. The metal content in the ore can vary depending upon the impurities present and chemical composition of the ore. Extraction of metals a describe the ease of obtaining metals from their ores by relating the elements to their positions in the reactivity series recycling of metals a describe metal ores as a finite resource and hence the need to recycle metals, e. The method of extraction which is most appropriate depends on the.
In combination with the extraction of metals from lowgrade ores, an optimized materials. Due to increasing chrome content in the feed and the challenges associated with operating high chrome feed, alternative routes to smelting of pgm are. Notes chemistry 3 occurrence and extraction of metals module 6 chemistry of elements table 16. Processes and procedures in the extraction of iron. Extractive metallurgy is a branch of metallurgical engineering wherein process and methods of extraction of metals from their natural mineral deposits are studied. Separating the platinum group metals by liquidliquid extraction new process has potential economic advantages over conventional selective precipitation by p. Objectives general principles and gener processes of. Concentration of the ore, isolation of the metal from its concentrated ore, and purification of the metal. Most metals are actually found combined with other elements, as compounds in ores. However, it isnt economically worthwhile to extract it from most of these minerals. Extraction of alkali metals chemistry, class 11, sblock. In some places, the mineral deposits in rock contain a high concentration of one metal.
Hydrometallurgy uses aqueous solutions to extract metals from ores leaching. Charlesworth marthc kuqtenhurg refiners ik limited, roston, england to extract the platinum group metals from ore, and to refine them to the very high purity required for their many applications. Igcse extraction of metals from ores notes igcse and ial. Alkali metals cannot be extracted from their ores by the usual methods of extraction of metals because of following difficulties. The field is a materials science, covering all aspects of the types of ore, washing, concentration, separation, chemical processes and extraction of pure metal and their alloying to. Apr 05, 2018 metal extraction the occurrence of metals in the earths crust rocks that contain a high enough percentage of a metal to be extracted commercially are known as ores. Metals and nonmetals extraction of metals class 10. Ores and metallurgy summary of the extraction of metals and illustrations. Highly reactive metals, such as titanium, require complicated extraction which can increase the cost of the pure metal. Metals such as zinc, iron and copper are present in ores as their oxides. Metal ores are formed in the process of ore genesis, and they are extracted through mining. Metallurgy is the field of science which deals with the extraction of metals.
Principles and procedures involved in the extraction of metals. Most compounds are found as oxides or sulphides, but sulphides are usually converted to oxides. Ores are collection of minerals containing one or more metals 4 5. Nowadays, due to fast global industrial progress and near diminution of highgrade ore reserves, there has been massive call to costeffectively process the resources of lowgrade ores and industrial effluents for metal extraction. In this video, we look at how displacement reactions can be used to extract metals from their compounds looking specifically at the extraction of iron. Apr 22, 2020 extraction of metals class 10 notes edurev is made by best teachers of class 10. Investigators leaching agent process conditions recovered metals quinet et al h2so4, chloride, thiourea.
Bioleaching is the extraction of metals from ores using the principal components of water, air and microorganisms, all of which are found readily within the environment. Currently, milling and froth flotation is the most. However, conventional approaches cannot be used to process such resources due to high capital cost and energy, also causing environmental pollution. Objectives after reading this lesson, you will be able to. This page looks at the various factors which influence the choice of method for extracting metals from their ores, including reduction by carbon, reduction by a reactive metal like sodium or an introduction to the chemistry of metal extraction chemistry libretexts. Platinum group metals, gold and silver are extracted from complex ores, automobile scrap, refractory ores and as naturally occurring by leaching the precious metal containing materials with a solution containing halogen salts such as potassium or sodium iodide and bromide in the presence of ammonium ions and oxygen. The method of extraction which is most appropriate depends on the reactivity of the metal being extracted. Reaction of the ore over quite a long time and on a huge scale with a dilute acid such as dilute sulfuric acid to produce a very dilute copperii sulfate solution.
In view of this, the study of recovery of metals from their ores is very important. In this lesson, you shall learn about some of the processes of extraction of metals from their ores, called metallurgical processes. Charlesworth marthc kuqtenhurg refiners ik limited, roston, england to extract the platinum group metals from ore, and to refine. Ppt extraction of metals from their ores powerpoint. Isolation of elements in chemistry class 12 aims to teach the students about various processes of extraction of metals from ores.